Mr. Robert Boyle transformed chemistry from a field bogged down in alchemy and mysticism into one based on measurement. He defined elements, compounds and mixtures; and he discovered the first gas law – Boyle’s Law.

Mr. Carver improved the agricultural economy of the United States by promoting nitrogen-providing peanuts as an alternative crop to cotton to prevent soil depletion.

Marie Curie codiscovered the chemical elements radium and polonium; made numerous pioneering contributions to the study of radioactive elements; carried out the first research into the treatment of tumors with radiation.

Charles Darwin Authored one of the most famous books in history, On the Origin of Species, in which he described and provided evidence for the theory of evolution by natural selection.

Einstein’s theories of special & general relativity delivered a remarkable transformation in our understanding of light, gravity and time, while special relativity yielded the most famous equation in history, E = mc2. Einstein explained the photoelectric effect and provided powerful evidence that atoms and molecules actually exist.

Rosalind Franklin provided much of the experimental data used to establish the structure of DNA. Discovered that DNA can exist in two forms. Established that coal acts as a molecular sieve.

Grace Hopper was a pioneer of electronic computers. Invented the first compiler and was the principal architect of COBOL, the most widely used computer language of the twentieth century.